Factores asociados a la salud y el bienestar en adultos mayores centenarios / Factors associated with health and well-being in centenarian older adults

Introducción: Con el aumento del nivel de vida y la mejora de los sistemas de salud no es raro alcanzar edades extremas de la vida. A inicios del año 2019, en la provincia Pinar del Río, se declararon 109 centenarios; de ellos, 9 correspondían al municipio Los Palacios, donde se mostró un incremento de 3 individuos en comparación con el año precedente. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y funcionalmente a los adultos mayores centenarios del territorio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en el municipio Los Palacios en el período enero-marzo de 2019. Población objeto de estudio: 9 centenarios, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta estructurada, el índice de Katz y el test de calidad de vida MGH. Se respetaron los criterios de inclusión y los principios de la ética médica. Resultados: Predominó la edad entre 100 y 104 años, el sexo masculino, el color de la piel blanca, la viudez, la convivencia con los hijos, el consumo de café y el déficit sensorial. Todos realizaron actividad física y sus hábitos alimenticios fueron saludables a lo largo de la vida. La mayoría no tuvo criterio de polifarmacia. En la evaluación funcional se analizó la calidad de vida y las alteraciones en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Conclusiones: El envejecimiento exitoso en las personas centenarias se caracterizó por tener buena salud percibida y cognitiva, mantener una actitud optimista ante la vida, buena red de apoyo social familiar, antecedentes de familiares longevos y estilos de vida saludables(AU)

Introduction: With the increase in living standards and the improvement of health systems, it is not unusual to reach extreme ages of life. At the beginning of 2019, in Pinar del Río Province, 109 centenarians were reported; of them, 9 belonged to Los Palacios Municipality, where there was an increase of 3 individuals compared to the previous year. Objective: To characterize clinically and functionally the centenarian adults from the territory. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out in Los Palacios Municipality, in the period from January to March 2019. The study population consisted of 9 centenarians, to whom a structured survey was applied: Katz index and MGH quality of life test. The inclusion criteria and the principles of medical ethics were respected. Results: There was a predominance of ages 100-104 years, the male sex, white skin color, widowhood, the condition of sharing house with children, coffee consumption and sensory deficit. All the patients did physical activity and their eating habits were healthy throughout life. Most of them did not have polypharmacy criteria. Regarding their functional assessment, quality of life and alterations in basic activities of daily life were analyzed. Conclusions: Successful aging in centenarians showed that they have good health, both cognitive and perceived, maintain an optimistic attitude towards life, have a good family social support network, a history of long-lived family members, and healthy lifestyles(AU)

Estudio etnográfico de jóvenes skater: prácticas corporales y urbanas / Ethnographic study of young skaters: body and urban practices

El presente trabajo corresponde a un estudio etnográfico clásico, que tiene como objetivo explorar el espacio de construcción de los nuevos estilos de vida y prácticas corporales en los jóvenes skaters urbanos de Colima. El estudio se realizó en un parque emblemático: La Piedra Lisa, localizado en la capital del estado de Colima, México. La unidad de observación la integraron 50 jóvenes, entre 12 y 20 años, que practican el skate durante la semana. El método utilizado fue el etnográfico, las técnicas de investigación fueron la observación participante ­durante un mes y medio­ y la entrevista informal; y como instrumento de registro se empleó el diario de campo. En la sistematización de la información y clasificación se usó la Guía de Murdock. El estudio describe aspectos identitarios de los jóvenes skaters, información acerca del desarrollo de habilidades físicas coordinativas, condicionales y de experticia skate, lugares de encuentro y apropiación de espacios públicos, clasificación de los skaters por grupos, el equipamiento utilizado, y la percepción social que se tiene de sí mismos, de la sociedad, la familia y de los amigos.

The present work corresponds to a classic ethnographic study, which aims to explore the construction space of new lifestyles and bodily practices in young urban skaters in Colima. The study was conducted in an emblematic park: La Piedra Lisa, located in the capital of the state of Colima, Mexico. The observation unit was made up of 50 young people between 12 and 20 years old, who skate during the week. The method used was ethnographic, the research techniques were participant observations ­for a month and a half­ and the informal interview, and the field newspaper was used as recording instrument. For the systematization of information and classification, the Murdock Guide was used. The study describes identity aspects of young skaters, information about the development of coordinative, conditional and skateboarding physical skills, meeting places and appropriation of public spaces, classification of skaters by groups, the equipment used, and the social perception that it has of itself, society, family and friends.

Participação esportiva em perspectiva transnacional: uma análise a partir da modernidade reflexiva / Sportive participation in a transnational perspective: an analysis from reflective modernity / Participación esportiva en perspectiva transnacional: un análisis a partir de la modernidad reflexiva

Este artigo, de caráter teórico e exploratório, tem como objetivo analisar a participação dos agentes sociais frente às atividades esportivas realizadas em diversos países. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e de releitura de dados empíricos trazidos nos textos de políticas públicas de esporte e lazer revisitados, foram realizadas análises comparativas na tentativa de identificar tendências sociais ou padrões de estilos de vida reflexivos em consonância com a teoria social de Beck e Giddens. Após digressão realizada na literatura especializada, constatou-se que a distribuição da atividade social reflexiva por via de esportes individualizados não responde de forma homogênea em todos os lugares do globo, muito embora trate-se de uma tendência geral no tocante à participação esportiva na contemporaneidade.

This article of theoretical and exploratory nature has as objective to analyze the participation of the social agents in front of the sports activities carried out in several countries. From a bibliographical research and re-reading of empirical data brought in the texts of sports and leisure public policies revisited, comparative analyzes were carried out in an attempt to identify social trends or patterns of reflexive lifestyles in consonance with the social theory of Beck and Giddens. After investigation in the specialized literature, it was found that the distribution of reflexive social activity through individualized sports does not respond homogenously in all parts of the globe, although it is a general trend regarding sports participation in the contemporary world.

Este artículo, de carácter teórico y exploratorio, tiene como objetivo analizar la participación de los agentes sociales frente a las actividades deportivas realizadas en diversos países. A partir de investigación bibliográfica y de relectura de datos empíricos traídos en los textos de políticas públicas de deporte y ocio revisitados, se realizaron análisis comparativos en el intento de identificar tendencias sociales o patrones de estilos de vida reflexivos en consonancia con la teoría social de Beck y Giddens. Después de investigar la literatura especializada, se encontro que la distribución de la actividad social reflexiva por vía de deportes individualizados no responde de forma homogénea en todos los lugares del globo, aunque se trata de una tendencia general en lo que se refiere a la participación deportiva en la contemporaneidad.

Estado nutricional, factores sociodemográficos y de salud en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la UAZ / Nutritional status and social-demographical and health factors among newly enrolled students at UAZ / Estado nutricional, fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde em estudantes de novo ingresso à UAZ

Introducción El sobrepeso y obesidad son factores de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. La población de nuevo ingreso a la universidad se considera un colectivo, especialmente, vulnerable desde el punto de vista nutricional. Objetivo Describir el estado nutricional, factores sociodemográficos y de salud en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la UAZ. Metodología Estudio de tipo observacional, transversal y descriptivo, que se realizó a 3,972 estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso. Se logró el consentimiento verbal de los alumnos. Se capacitaron y estandarizaron a los pasantes de enfermería, medicina y nutrición, para llevar a cabo las mediciones. Se obtuvo información del estado nutricional, factores sociodemográficos y salud, así como mediciones antropométricas. Resultados Los hombres tienen mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso (24.1%) y obesidad (9.2%) que las mujeres (p < 0.001). Los hombres realizan mayor actividad física (73.6% vs 51.1%), consumen más alcohol (58.3% vs 34.3%) y tabaco (20.8% vs 9.5%) (p < 0.000). Se encontró una asociación positiva en los momios de sobrepeso en relación con los hombres (RM=1.22, IC 95% 1.02-1.45), edad de 19 años (RM=1.36, IC 95% 1.02-1.45), en las áreas de ciencias de la salud (RM=1.88, IC 95% 1.05-3.35), ciencias sociales (RM=1.93, IC 95% 1.06-3.48), humanidades y educativas (RM=1.90, IC 95% 1.01-3.53), ingenierías y tecnologías (RM=1.83, IC 95% 1.01-3.30). Discusión y conclusión Se puede contribuir a reducir las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad de los estudiantes, a través de intervenciones dirigidas a modificar las conductas de riesgo durante la estancia universitaria, mejorar la alimentación y promover estilos de vida saludables.

Introduction Obesity and overweight are risk factors to developing short and long-term health-related complications; and newly enrolled university students are considered a vulnerable group in terms of their nutritional progression status. Objective To describe the nutritional status, and social-demographical and health factors among newly enrolled students at UAZ. Methodology This is an observational, transversal, and descriptive study on a sample of 3,972 newly enrolled university students who verbally consented on their participation. Nursing, medicine, and nutrition intern students were trained to carry out diverse assessments related to the nutritional status, social-demographical and health factors, and anthropometric data on the sample. Results Newly enrolled male students showed a higher prevalence of overweight (24.1%) and obesity (9.2%) in comparison to their female counterparts (p < .001). Male students showed having more physical activity (73.6% vs 51.1%) but also consuming more alcohol (58.3% vs 34.3%) and tobacco (20.8% vs 9.5%) (p < .000). Positive associations were found between the overweight numbers and, being male (RM=1.22, CI 95% 1.02-1.45), being 19 years old (RM = 1.36, CI 95% 1.02-1.45), being in the areas of health sciences (RM=1.88, CI 95% 1.05-3.35), being in the areas of social sciences (RM=1.93, CI 95% 1.06-3.48), being in the areas of humanities and education (RM=1.90, CI 95% 1.01-3.53), and being in the areas of engineering and technology (RM=1.83, CI 95% 1.01-3.30). Discussion and conclusion It is necessary to address to obesity and overweight problems among university students through interventions aimed at modifying risky behaviors during their university stay, improving the quality of nutrition, and promoting healthy life-styles.

Introdução O sobrepeso e a obesidade são fatores de risco para desenvolver complicações a curto e longo prazo. A população de novo ingresso à universidade considera-se um coletivo, especialmente, vulnerável desde o ponto de vista nutricional. Objetivo Descrever o estado nutricional, fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde em estudantes de novo ingresso à UAZ. Metodologia Estudo de tipo observacional, transversal e descritivo, que se realizou a 3,972 estudantes universitários de novo ingresso. Conseguiu-se o consentimento verbal dos alunos. Capacitaram-se e padronizaram os formados de enfermagem, medicina e nutrição, para levar a cabo as medições. Obteve-se informação do estado nutricional, fatores sociodemográficos e saúde, assim como medições antropométricas. Resultados Os homens de novo ingresso têm maior prevalência de sobrepeso (24.1%) e obesidade (9.2%) quanto as mulheres (p < 0.001). Homens realizam mais atividade física que mulheres (73.6% vs. 51.1%), consomem mais álcool (58.3% vs. 34.3%) e tabaco (20.8% vs. 9.5%) (p < 0.000). Encontrou-se uma associação positiva nas chances de sobrepeso em relação com aos homens (RM = 1.22, IC 95% 1.02-1.45), ter 19 anos de idade (RM = 1.36, IC 95% 1.02-1.45) nas áreas de ciências da saúde (RM = 1.88, IC 95% 1.05-3.35), ciências sociais (RM = 1.93, IC 95% 1.06-3.48), humanidades e educativas (RM = 1.90, IC 95% 1.01-3.53), engenharias e tecnologias (RM = 1.83, IC 95% 1.01-3.30). Discussão e conclusão Pode-se contribuir a reduzir as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade dos estudantes, a través de intervenções dirigidas a modificar as condutas de risco durante a permanência universitária, melhorar a alimentação e promover estilos de vida saudáveis.

Comportamentos de saúde e uso de álcool em estudantes de enfermagem / Health and alcohol use behaviors in nursing students

O uso de álcool implica severos comprometimentos nos comportamentos de saúde e estilo de vida entre estudantes universitários. No presente estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar as relações entre uso de bebidas alcoólicas e comportamentos de saúde de estudantes de enfermagem. Trata-se de estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta de 356 estudantes de enfermagem de uma instituição pública do interior paulista. Foi utilizado um instrumento contendo características sociodemográficas, informações sobre o consumo da substância e relacionadas aos aspectos acadêmicos, o Teste de Identificação do Uso de Álcool e o Questionário sobre Comportamentos de Saúde. A amostra foi composta predominantemente de mulheres (298; 83,7%), jovens com média de idade de 21,5±3,5 anos, variando entre 17 e 49 anos, solteiras (331; 92,9%), católicas (190; 53,7%) e moravam com amigos (127; 35,6%). A prevalência de uso problemático de álcool foi de 29,4%. O uso problemático de álcool foi associado predominante a estudantes que apresentavam comportamentos de saúde mais precários. Estudantes que apresentavam comportamentos como frequentar festas (odds ratio ajustado 9,8; intervalo de confiança de 95% 2,672-36,643); dormir em sala de aula no dia após ter frequentado uma festa na noite anterior (odds ratio ajustado 2,3; intervalo de confiança de 95% 1,186-4,523); não evitar ambientes poluídos com fumaça de cigarro (odds ratio ajustado 3,3; intervalo de confiança de 1,714-6,582); não evitar mudar de parceiro sexual (odds ratio ajustado 3,9; intervalo de confiança de 95% 1,7678,900); dirigir, ou viajar de carro, não mantendo os limites de velocidade (odds ratio ajustado 3,3; intervalo de confiança de 95% 1,199-9,119) e consumir mais que duas doses de bebidas alcoólicas por dia (odds ratio ajustado 3,9; intervalo de confiança de 95% 1,957-7,090) apresentaram riscos potencialmente aumentados para o uso problemático de álcool na presente amostra. O uso de álcool em níveis problemáticos e a adoção de comportamentos de saúde precários têm sido temas de grande relevância para o estabelecimento de políticas de prevenção do uso de álcool e/ou outras drogas e a promoção de saúde e estilos de vida saudáveis no âmbito universitário, com vistas a minimizar ou prevenir os fatores de risco e suas possíveis consequências

Alcohol use implies severe harms in health behaviors and lifestyle among university students. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the relationships between alcoholic beverage use and health behaviors of nursing students. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 356 nursing students from a public institution in the interior of São Paulo. An instrument containing sociodemographic characteristics, information on substance consumption and related to academic aspects, the Alcohol Use Identification Test and the Health Behavior Questionnaire. The sample consisted predominantly of women (298, 83.7%), young people with an average age of 21.5 ± 3.5 years, ranging from 17 to 49 years old, single (331, 92.9%), catholic (190, 53.7%) and lived with friends (127, 35.6%). The prevalence of problematic alcohol use was 29.4%. The problematic use of alcohol was associated predominantly with students who presented more precarious health behaviors. Students presenting behavior as attending parties (adjusted odds ratio 9.8; 95% reliance interval: 2,672-36,643); sleeping in the classroom the day after attending a party the night before (adjusted odds ratio 2.3; 95% reliance interval 1,186-4,523); not to avoid environments polluted with cigarette smoke (adjusted odds ratio 3.3, reliance interval of 1,714-6,582); not to avoid changing sexual partner (adjusted odds ratio 3.9, 95% reliance interval 1,767-8,900); (adjusted odds ratio 3.3, 95% reliance interval 1,199-9,119), and to consume more than two doses of alcoholic beverages per day (adjusted odds ratio 3.9, range 95% reliance interval 1.957-7.090) presented potentially increased risks for problematic alcohol use in the present sample. The use of alcohol at problematic levels and the adoption of precarious health behaviors have been subjects of great relevance for the establishment of alcohol and / or other drug prevention policies and the promotion of health and healthy lifestyles at the university scope, with a view to minimizing or preventing risk factors and their possible consequences

Trayectoria de vida familiar y estilos de vida: hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus II / Family life cycle and lifestyles: arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus II

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la influencia de la trayectoria de vida familiar en la apropiación de estilos de vida de personas diagnosticadas con hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus II en la ciudad de Cali. Materiales y Métodos Estudio cualitativo-exploratorio-comparativo, inscrito en el campo de la sociología médica. Se aplicó la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados La trayectoria de vida familiar es un proceso dinámico y cambiante que abarca el origen del ciclo de vida hasta el momento actual. Incluye los comportamientos, las prácticas, los gustos, las percepciones de los sujetos y las relaciones de interacción. Este proceso se posibilita como resultado de la interacción de los sujetos con el contexto social que influencia su actuar. Conclusiones Los estilos de vida no son "simples o sencillas" prácticas individuales que configuran una determinada manera de vivir, sino construcciones sociales complejas y dinámicas que han sido permeadas por la relación de interacción, especialmente la familia ha hecho un aporte importante en este proceso. La manera en que los sujetos viven su proceso salud-enfermedad está influenciada por sus formar actuar, que permite un desenvolvimiento social configurado por su trayectoria vital, afectada por la clase social a la que pertenecen. Esta configuración marca una impronta para comprender la razón por la cual les ha sido posible o no aprehender las prácticas e instrucciones dadas en los programas de control de hipertensión arterial y diabetes a los que están inscritos.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the influence of the family life trajectory on the appropriation of lifestyles of people diagnosed with arterial hypertension or diabetes mellitus II in Cali, Colombia. Materials and Methods Qualitative, exploratory and comparative study in the field of medical sociology. A semi-structured interview was applied. Results The family life cycle is a dynamic and changing process that encompasses the origin of the life cycle up to the present moment. It involves behaviors, practices, interests, perceptions and interaction relations. This process is possible because of the interaction of the subjects with the social context that influences their actions. Conclusions Lifestyles are not "simple" individual practices that shape a certain way of living, but complex and dynamic social constructs that are permeated by interaction, particularly, family relationships, which make an important contribution to this process. The way in which subjects live their health-disease process is influenced by their behavior, which allows social development based on life cycles, and affected by the social class to which they belong. This configuration serves as the basis to understand the reasons why apprehending or not the practices and instructions given in hypertension and diabetes control programs is possible.(AU)

Do surf ao tow-in - por uma análise da emergência do campo dos "esportes de prancha" / Surf to tow-in - by an analysis of emergency the field "boards sports"

RESUMO Nesse artigo, temos por objetivo analisar a emergência do campo dos "esportes de prancha" evidenciando alguns dos agentes, estruturas e práticas que foram centrais nesse processo histórico. A hipótese que nos guia nesse percurso se respalda no entendimento de que modalidades como o bodyboarding, sandboard, wakeboard, skate, entre outras, são derivações do surf. Em termos metodológicos, realizamos um levantamento de artigos, produções literárias, relatos de experiência bem como de reportagens em sites e blogs especializados que versam sobre "esportes de prancha". No que diz respeito aos direcionamentos teóricos, partimos do referencial sociológico de Pierre Bourdieu e endossamos a análise a partir das contribuições de Mike Featherstone e Anthony Giddens por entender que seus constructos somam oportunamente à leitura da dialética de oferta e demanda dos "esportes de prancha".

ABSTRACT In this article, our objective is to analyze the emergence of the field of "board sports" showing some of the agents, structures and practices that were central to this historic process. The hypothesis that guides us on this path supports the understanding that sports such as bodyboarding, sandboarding, wakeboard, skate, among others, are the surf derivations. In terms of methodology, we did a survey articles, literary productions, experience reports as well as reports on websites and specialized blogs dealing on "board sports". About to theoretical directions, we were based in the sociological framework of Pierre Bourdieu and endorsed the analysis by contributions of Mike Featherstone and Anthony Giddens understanding that their theoretical constructs are timely add to the supply of dialectical reading about offer and demand of the "board sports".

Trayectorias de vida e infarto agudo de miocardio: vivencias de varones de la ciudad de Bogotá / Lifelines and acute myocardial infarction: men experiences in Bogotá city

Introducción: Los riesgos de las enfermedades cardiovasculares comienzan desde la vida fetal y continúan a través de la infancia, la adolescencia y la vida adulta, aproximarse a su trayectoria de construcción resulta fundamental para la atención en salud. Objetivo: Conocer y comprender las trayectorias que estructuran los estilos de vida de varones que han sufrido infarto agudo de miocardio. Metodología: Estudio de carácter cualitativo descriptivo. Los hombres invitados a participar se seleccionaron a partir de la base de datos de ingreso y egreso de pacientes de la unidad de cuidados coronarios del Hospital San José de Bogotá. Se logra una saturación de categorías hacía la entrevista número 11. Los datos fueron analizados siguiendo la propuesta de Janice M. Morse. Resultados: A partir de los datos analizados se construyen dos categorías: 1. Trabajo, masculinidad y socialización: marco de los estilos de vida y 2. "Mi pequeño modo de entender": Autocomprensión del fenómeno. En conjunto estas categorías permiten comprender cómo la reproducción social y el mundo del trabajo de los varones ordenan las opciones y decisiones sobre los estilos de vida que ellos asumen. Conclusión: La aproximación comprensiva a las trayectorias que estructuran los estilos de vida de varones que han sufrido infarto agudo de miocardio desde sus voces y representaciones nos muestran cómo el mundo del trabajo masculino sobredetermina muchos de los comportamientos y elecciones de la cotidianidad (nocivos), como una dialéctica entre agencia y estructura.

Introduction: The risk for cardiovascular diseases starts with fetal life and the accumulation continues throughout the whole life; the approximation to how those risks are constructed is a key point for health care. Objective: To understand the lifelines of men in Bogota who suffered acute myocardial infarction and how those structured his lifestyle. Methodology: Qualitative descriptive study. The participants were men hospitalized in the Coronary care unit of the Hospital de San José (Bogota, Colombia). The saturation was possible at 11th interview. For the data analysis was used the Janice M. Morse proposal. Results: Two categories were synthesized: 1. Work, masculinity and socialization: lifestyle framework, and 2. "My little way for understanding": Self- comprehension of the phenomenon. Conclusion: The qualitative approximation to the men's lifelines and how those have been structured, show us the overdetermination of the work and masculinity for developing harmful behaviors and choices during the daily life.

Utilización de medicamentos antihipertensivos en el municipio de Jovellanos, provincia Matanzas / The usage of anti-hypertensive drugs in the municipality of Jovellanos, province of Matanzas

Introducción: las enfermedades crónicas se han convertido en un problema alarmante para la humanidad por la alta incidencia y prevalencia que presentan. La hipertensión arterial es, dentro de las enfermedades crónicas, una de las más frecuentes, con importantes repercusiones en el orden personal, económico y sanitario. Los fallos al seguir las prescripciones médicas conducen al paciente hipertenso a la progresión de su enfermedad, provocando un aumento innecesario del costo de la atención sanitaria. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento del uso de fármacos hipotensores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, en el municipio de Jovellanos, a una muestra constituida por 210 hipertensos, a los que se les aplicó encuesta para explorar las variables: sexo, edad, tipo de tratamiento y grupo farmacológico. Las respuestas fueron de selección o completamiento de frases simples. Resultados: la hipertensión arterial predominó en el sexo femenino y en edades mayores de 60 años. El proceder más utilizado fue el tratamiento medicamentoso combinado con los cambios en el estilo de vida. Los grupos farmacológicos que se emplearon fueron los inhibidores de la enzima de la angiotensina, seguidos por los diuréticos; como terapéutica combinada generalmente. Conclusiones: la población geriátrica del sexo femenino fue la mayor consumidora de fármacos antihipertensivos. El tratamiento combinado con dos o más fármacos fue lo más frecuente. Los inhibidores de la enzima de la angiotensina y los diuréticos se encuentran entre los más utilizados.

Background: the chronic diseases have become an alarming problem for the human kind because of the high incidence and prevalence they have. The arterial hypertension is, among the chronic diseases, one of the most frequent, with important repercussions in the personal, economic and health order. The failures when following medical prescriptions lead the hypertensive patients to their disease progression, causing an unnecessary increase of the health care cost. Aim: characterizing the behavior of the hypotensive drugs usage. Materials and methods: a descriptive, observational study was carried out in the municipality of Jovellanos in a sample formed by 210 hypertensive patients; they were applied a survey to explore the following variables: gender, age, kind of treatment and pharmacological group. The answers were of the kind of choosing or completing simple phrases. Outcomes: arterial hypertension prevailed in the female gender and in persons aged more than 60 years. The most used procedure was the combined drug treatment with changes in life styles. The most used pharmacological groups were the angiotensin enzyme inhibitors, followed by diuretics, generally as combined therapy. Conclusions: female geriatric population was the main user of antihypertensive drugs. The combined treatment with two or more drugs was the most frequent one. The angiotensin enzyme inhibitors and diuretics are among the most used ones.

Slow movement: trabalho e experimentação do tempo na vida líquido-moderna / Slow movement: work and time experimentation in the liquid-modern life

O presente artigo coloca em pauta uma reflexão cujo objetivo é discorrer sobre os modos de trabalhar e de viver na vida líquido-moderna. Para tanto, apresenta o Slow Movement como referência de análise. Divulgado como movimento mundial em prol da desaceleração, sua proposta difundiu-se e firmou-se ao acolher a sensação generalizada de esgotamento promovida pela vida líquida, conforme preconizada por Bauman (2007). Objetiva-se compreender se e como o Slow Movement possibilita uma outra experimentação do tempo, bem como se interpõe enquanto expressão da resistência aos atuais modos de trabalhar e de viver. A análise empreendida permite perceber que o Slow Movement, apesar de se apresentar como um modo de expressão da resistência frente à aceleração, mantém-se subordinado à ideologia gerencialista (Gaulejac, 2007) que caracteriza os atuais modos de trabalhar. Desse modo, o movimento contribui para apaziguar os sofrimentos psíquicos causados pela pressão do tempo, mas não para a sua revolução.

The following paper aims at describing work and life in the liquid modern life. For that matter the Slow Movement is presented as an analysis reference. Advertised as a world movement towards a slower time, its proposition has spread and been recognized as it acknowledges the feeling of hopelessness brought up by the liquid life, as described by Bauman (2007). The objective is to understand if and how the Slow Movement leads to a different experimentation of time, as well as if it is an expression of resistance to the current ways of working and living. The analysis proposes that although the Slow Movement presents itself as a resistance to the current acceleration, it is still linked to a managerial ideology (Gaulejac, 2007). Thus, the movement contributes to peace the psychological damages caused by the pressures of time, although it doesn't operate as a revolution.

Estilos de vida en escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad en una escuela primaria de México D. F / Ways of life in students with overweight and obesity in a primary school of Mexico City

Introducción: La nutrición constituye un factor determinante de la salud, desempeño físico, mental y de la productividad, particularmente la niñez constituye una población de riesgo, ya que representa un periodo crítico en el ser humano, caracterizado por el crecimiento físico, el desarrollo psicomotor, social. México es el primer país en Latinoamérica con una alta incidencia de obesidad en escolares, de acuerdo con los criterios de la International Obesity Task Force (iotf), reporta una prevalencia nacional combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 5 a 11 años de alrededor del 26%, para ambos sexos. Objetivos: Identificar los estilos de vida de niños en edad escolar con sobrepeso y obesidad en una primaria pública del D.F. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, conformado por toda la población escolar constituida por 503 alumnos de 6 a 11 años. Para la detección de sobrepeso y obesidad se tomo peso, talla así como medición del Índice de Masa Corporal (imc); se determinaron los estilos de vida a través de la aplicación de un instrumento elaborado por Ponce, Sotomayor, Bernal y Salazar (2007), el cual exploró básicamente tres áreas: alimentación, ejercicio - actividad física y recreación. Resultados: 14% del total de niños presenta problemas de sobrepeso u obesidad (71 niños), el 60% consume alimentos no preparados en casa de manera habitual, 99% refiere que la única actividad física es la que se realiza dentro de la escuela, el 34% ve televisión de 3 a 6 hrs diariamente. Existen diferencias significativas en la incidencia de sobrepeso por sexo (razón de 1.5 varones por cada mujer con sobrepeso u obesidad) y también en niños que incrementan sus horas de sedentarismo (p=<.001). Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos en la etapa descriptiva coinciden con lo reportado en la literatura nacional e internacional 8 y 9 Los ayunos prolongados como se mostró en el estudio son factores importantes para condicionar la obesidad tal como lo muestran Veugelers y Fitzgerald. Conclusiones: Es importante realizar este tipo de estudios para poder proponer estrategias de intervención de corte educativo lo más apegadas a la situación real de las poblaciones de niños escolares a los que se pretenda cambiar a estilos de vida saludable que logren contribuir a controlar el sobrepeso y prevenir la obesidad.

Introduction: Nutrition is a health, productivity, and physical- mental performance factor, which has a particularly important impact on children. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), Mexico has a combined overweight-obesity prevalence of 26% among children between 5 and 11 years old. Objectives: Identify life styles of school-age children with overweight or obesity problems in a primary school of the Federal District. Methodology: This was a basic, descriptive, correlational study which included all the 6-11 year old children in a primary school (503 students). Weight, height, and mass indexes were taken. Life styles (nutrition, physical activity, and recreation) were determined through an instrument made by Ponce, Sotomayor, Bernal, and Salazar (2007). Results: 14% (71 children) showed an overweight-obesity problem, 60% do not consume home-made food at school, 99% have physical activity only at school, and 34% watch TV from 3 to 6 hours daily. Overweight-obese male/female ratio was 1.5, and an association was found between overweight-obesity problems and a sedentary life style found (p <= .001). Discussion: Results were similar to those found at the national and international literature (8.9). As demonstrated by Veugelers and Fitzgerald, prolonged fasting is an important obesity conditioning factor. Conclusion: This kind of studies can help design education intervention strategies to modify children's life styles and prevent and control their overweight and obesity.

Qué y cuánto comer: tomando medidas frente a las sociedades obesogénicas / What and how much to eat: taking measures to face the obesogenic societies

Los problemas de salud relacionados con la alimentación se explican, con frecuencia, por razones socioculturales. Este artículo plantea la necesidad de reconsiderar dichas razones en el diagnóstico de empeoramiento de los hábitos alimentarios, ya que se han tipificado como agentes causales desde el fast-food al ocio pasivo, desde la desestructuración familiar al ritmo acelerado de vida, desde la generalización de la calefacción o el transporte mecanizado a la insuficiencia de equipamientos deportivos, desde la publicidad alimentaria a la falta de educación nutricional. Si esgrimirlas como causas no parece tarea difícil, sí lo es demostrarlas. En España, todos estos factores están presentes, pero apenas se sabe si han influido mucho o poco en la alimentación cotidiana, y si dicha influencia ha sido necesariamente negativa. Lo que sí constatamos es que las maneras de comer actuales responden, principalmente, a los constreñimientos sociolaborales, la ruptura de los aprendizajes alimentarios, el reparto del trabajo doméstico y el triunfo de las preferencias individuales. Esto explica, en parte, porqué aun conociendo las recomendaciones nutricionales, ciertas prácticas alimentarias parecen alejarse de la "dieta óptima".

Nutrition health-related problems are frequently explained by socio-cultural reasons. This article states the need to reconsider such reasons in the diagnosis of the worsening of eating habits since some agents have been typified from fast-food to sluggishness, from family collapse to the fast speed of living, from generalization of heating or mechanized transpotation to the insufficiency of sport equipment, from eating publicity to lack of educational nutrition. Although these causes seem to have a simple explanation, it is difficult to prove them. In Spain, all these factors are present, but little is known whether they have influenced or not in the daily eating habits and if such influence has been necessarily negative. What we have proved is that the way of present eating habits responds mainly to social and working problems, the breach of eating learning habits, the division of domestic work and the triumph of individual preferences. This partly explains why, even knowing the nutritional recommendations, certain eating practices seem to be far away from the "perfect diet".

Perfil socioeconómico y estilo de vida del niño trabajador, distrito de Chota 2006-2007 / Socioeconomic profile and life style of the hard-working child, district of Chota 2006-2007

Esta investigación se realizó en la provincia de Chota del departamento de Cajamarca, Perú, con el fin de hacer visible el problema del niño trabajador de esta zona y así contribuir al inicio de un trabajo en beneficio de esta población. Objetivo: describir y analizar el perfil socioeconómico y estilo de vida del niño trabajador chotano. Material y métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo û transversal donde se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 40 niños trabajadores. Resultados: la edad de los niños participantes fue de 11 a 16 años, 52,5% de ellos fueron de sexo masculino y 47,5% de sexo femenino, con una escolaridad de 2 a 6 años (90%). El 57,5% refirió tener familiares consumidores de alcohol, siendo el padre el principal consumidor. El salario promedio es 122.5 nuevos soles mensuales para varones y 91,20 para mujeres. El trabajo doméstico y el de venta ambulatoria son las principales formas de trabajo con una jornada de 9 a 12 horas diarias (77,5%). Las principales razones por las que estos niños trabajan son: para comprar su vestimenta, pagar sus estudios y ayudar en los gastos de la casa. Su dieta es en base a carbohidratos y ciertas proteínas, sin frutas y verduras. La mayoría (70%) juega en horas de la tarde o de la noche y duerme de 5 a 7 horas diarias (70%); el 87,5% refiere ser feliz a pesar de las dificultades que le ha tocado vivir. Conclusiones: el perfil socioeconómico del niño trabajador se caracteriza por la baja renumeración, siendo la actividad principal el trabajo doméstico, con una jornada promedio de 9 a 12 horas; además, practican un estilo de vida inadecuado para su edad.

This investigation was accomplished in province of Chota of the deparment of Cajamarca, Peru, and to try to do evident the problematic of the child working of this zone for contribute to the beginning of a work for the benefit of the town. Objective: To describe and analyze the socioeconomic profile and life style of the Chotano child laborer. Material and method: The survey was descriptive/transversal way and was applied a survey to a pattern among forty children laborers. Results: The age of the participant children were from 11 -16 years old 52.5% were male and 47.5% females, with a school age from 2-6 years old (90%). 57.5% said they have members of the family to have consumed alcohol, being the main consumer the father. Monthly their wages in on an average of 122.5 new soles for males and 91.20 new soles for female. Household chores and street vendors, are the main way of work, with a time of 9 - 12 hours (77.5%). The main reasons by the children work are: To pay their garments, studies and to cover expenses of their house child's. Diet based carbohydrates and some proteins, without fruits and vegetables. The majority of them (70%) played in the afternoons or evening hours and sleep for 5 - 7 hours daily (70%); 87.5% said to be happy, in spite of the difficulties that nowadays they are living. Conclusion: The socioeconomic profile of the child laborer is characterized by the low remuneration, being the main activity the household chores, with a time between 9 - 12 hours; also, practice a life style inappropriate to their age.

Hipertensión arterial y consumo de sal en pediatría / Arterial hypertension and salt intake in pediatrics

Pediatric arterial hypertension (AH) is an underdiagnosed disease, with a known prevalence of 2-3 percent. Its preventive management should begin early and includes life-style changes and diet salt reduction to a maximum of 5.8 g (2.3 g of sodium), since there is a direct relationship between total salt intake and arterial blood pressure. It has been previously shown that in populations with low salt diet (less than 3g), AH is rare and it does not increase with age. It has been estimated that 77 percent of salt found in regular diets comes from processed food. Mechanisms involved in salt intake and high blood pressure are analyzed in this paper. Arterial hypertension secondary to renal diseases and other pathologies are excluded. Considering renal physiology, the role of the kidney is crucial in arterial blood pressure regulation, through the capacity to affect the salt and water excretion; therefore, controlling total blood volume. The relationship between salt and AH in the newborn and older children, as well as genetic aspects of this disease, are discussed. In conclusion, there are biological and behavioural risk factors that can be modified in young population. It is necessary to promote these changes through active, as well as passive, prevention strategies. A government public health policy including educational publicity campaigns, permanent media information and accessible health food labelling is essential. Habits, old customs and trends need to be changed through a multifactorial approach to groups, families and community. The pediatrician should lead this effort.

La hipertensión arterial (HA) en pediatría es una patología sub diagnosticada, con una prevalencia de alrededor de un 2 a 3 por ciento. Su prevención debe comenzar precozmente con indicaciones de estilos de vida saludables, en especial reducción de sodio a 2,3 g equivalentes a 5,8 g de cloruro de sodio diarios, dada la relación directa entre cantidad de sal de la dieta y la presión arterial. En poblaciones humanas con dietas conteniendo menos de 3 g de sal por día la HA es infrecuente y no aumenta con la edad. La mayor parte del sodio ingerido se aporta por los alimentos elaborados industrialmente: el 77 por ciento se obtiene de los alimentos procesados. En esta comunicación se revisan los mecanismos que relacionan las alzas tensiónales con la ingesta de sal. Se excluyen los mecanismos que producen HA en las enfermedades renales y otras formas de HA secundarias. Desde el punto de vista fisiológico el riñón tiene un papel primordial en la regulación de la presión arterial, entre otros por su capacidad de modificar la excreción de agua y sal y con ello regular el volumen de sangre circulante. Se analiza la relación sodio/HA en el recién nacido y en el niño mayor y algunos aspectos genéticos de esta enfermedad. Se concluye que hay factores de riesgos biológicos y conductuales en los jóvenes que son modificables. Es necesario promover cambios en estos grupos a través de estrategias de prevención poblacional tanto activas como pasivas. Esto requiere un compromiso de políticas públicas que incluyan campañas educativas, manejo de la publicidad y fácil identificación de los alimentos saludables. Deben intervenirse los hábitos, costumbres y tendencias a través de acciones con un enfoque multifactorial, familiar, grupal y comunitario, siendo el pediatra quien debe liderar este desafío.

Descripción de hábitos y comportamientos alimentarios de los estudiantes de la facultad de ciencias de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana - 2005 / Description of food habits of faculty of science students in the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana - 2005

El propósito del estudio fue describir hábitos y comportamientos alimentarios de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias. La muestra estuvo conformada por 117 estudiantes con un promedio de edad de 19,6 años; se evaluó información sobre estilos de vida saludable, características de la alimentación y hábitos alimentarios a través de una encuesta. Se empleó la estadística descriptiva utilizando el programa SPSS versión 12. Se identificó que un poco más de la mitad de la población no tiene el hábito de fumar, consumen bebidas alcohólicas ocasionalmente y sólo una tercera parte realiza actividad física ocasionalmente. El 42,7% consume tres comidas al día, el 48,7% de la población reportó el consumo de jugos de frutas, leche y café con leche, en contraste el 42% nunca toma café negro (tinto). Se encontró un bajo consumo de frutas y verduras (17%), y un alto consumo de alimentos fuente de carbohidratos (65%); las proteínas consumidas a diario son de origen animal. En conclusión se encontró, que los hábitos de consumo de alimentos responden a aspectos propios de la vida de los universitarios, como son los horarios y los grupos de estudio, en promedio dedican 30 minutos para consumirlos aunque no existen horarios fijos para ello.

The main purpose of this study was to describe food habits of students from the Faculty of Sciences. One hundred and seventeen students in an average age of 19,6 year-old were surveyed. Information about lifestyle, feeding characteristics and food habits was evaluated. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out through SPSS program version 12. Results showed that more than half of the population evaluated does not have smoking habits, alcoholic drinks consumption is occasionally and, that the third part of the sample occasionally practices physical activity. Also, almost 43 percent (42,7%) of the sample has three meals per day, 48,7% reports intake of juices, milk and coffee with milk, in contrast to 42% that never drinks tinto. Low intake of fruits and vegetables (17%) was found, compared to high ingestion of food rich in carbohydrates (65%). Protein intake is mainly from animals. As a conclusion, it was found that food habits of students are closely related to university life style, schedules and study groups.

The Study of Life Styles, Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intakes of Korean Male College Students Related to the Bone Mineral Density

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone mineral density on life styles, dietary habits and nutrient intakes among the male college students. The subjects were divided into four groups; Q1 (calcaneus BMD or = 75 percentile, n = 116). And they were asked about general characteristics, life style, dietary habit, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. They were measured the bone mineral density of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound. The average age of the subjects of the study was 23.0 years and the average height, weight, and BMI were 174.7 cm, 69.0 kg, 22.5 kg/m2. The bone mineral density in calcaneus was 0.43 g/cm2 in Q1, 0.50 g/cm2 in Q2, 0.56 g/cm2 in Q3, and 0.69 g/cm2 in Q4 (p < 0.001). The results showed that Q1 tended to have irregular exercise compared to the other three groups. Compared with Q1 and Q2, the frequency of skipping breakfast was lower in Q3 and Q4. Also the results showed that the Q4 was significantly more often to drink coffee compared with the other three groups (p < 0.01). The mean daily energy intake was 2210.6 kcal (88.4% of RDA). The intake of energy, vitamin B2, calcium, and zinc did not meet the Korean RDA. Also the Q2 consumed significantly lower intakes of protein (p < 0.05) and plant protein (p < 0.05) compared to the Q3 and Q4. The Q1 and Q2 consumed significantly lower intakes of vitamin B2 (p < 0.01) compared to the Q3 and Q4. In conclusion, male student in lower bone mineral density appeared to have unhealthy life styles and dietary habits in terms of irregular exercise, high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower intakes of protein, vitamin B2 showing a strong need proper education on meal practices and exercise habits for the bone health.

An Ecological Study of Food and Nutrition in Elementary School Children in Korea / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The current socioeconomic climate has meant more children spend more time alone at home even for dining. This study was performed to characterize modem Korean childrens' food ecology based on mealtime atmosphere. A total of 705 elementary school students, 347 girls and 358 boys took part in the study. They were chosen evenly from the Seoul metropolitan areas, provincial cities, or rural areas, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The questionnaire was categorized to determine various factors related to food ecology, life styles, and health related symptoms. The average age of the study subjects was 11.5 years. The average height, weight, body mass index, and Rohrer index were 143.2 cm, 37.6 kg, 18.2 and 127.2 respectively. A significant number of children(39.2%) answered their bed time was between 11 and 12 pm. Only 28.3% answered that the whole family has breakfast together, and 47.7% have dinner together. A considerable number of children, 17.8% for breakfast and 6.9% for dinner, answered they eat alone. Most of the children answered they like to have dinner with the whole family. Half of the children answered they do not feel hungry before having breakfast. Proportions of children for their favorite meal time were 66.8%, and 25.4% and 7.8% for dinner, school lunch, and breakfast respectively. The largest proportions of children, 53.3% and 68.7%, have breakfast and dinner at home. Most of the children(75.2%) never purchase their dinner. Forty two% of the children answered they like school lunch, however, 60% of children answered they leave portions of lunch uneaten occasionally or always. Only 38.0% and 46.2% of the children have nutritionally adequate diet for breakfast and dinner. Children having more meals with the whole family possessed a more positive attitude towards breakfast compared to the children who eat with the whole family less frequently. In conclusion, Korea children are exposed to different health threatening food ecology problems related to changing environments, and consistent concern and support from community nutritionists are required.

The relationship between Stress and life Styles in Business

BACKGROUND: Stress is found to have influence on physical and mental disorders, and also to daily life styles related to physical health and mental stress. There are many studies that concern the stress and coping response and the relation ships physical, mental disorders and stress. But relationship between stress and life styles have seldom been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between stress and life styles. METHODS: From June 2, 1997 to June 30, 1997, we selected 463 businessmen we who had undergone regular health screening SUN hospital as subjects of the investigation in the survey on life styles included diet habit, salt ingestion, meat ingestion, alcohol drinking, smoking habit, physical exercise, sleep disturbance, and stress perception was measured by Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI). RESULTS: 'There was significant difference in diet habit according to ages, marital status education level, monthly income(P<0.01), and job tenure(P<0.01), salt ingestion according to monthly income and body mass index(P<0.05), alcohol drinking according to religion or none, smoking according to age, marital status, monthly income, body mass index(P<0.05), and religion(P<0.01), exercise according to age, education level(P<0.01), monthly income(P<0.01), job department, and job tenure(P<0.05), and sleep disturbance according to age, education level, body mass index(P<0.05), and monthly income(P<0.01). There was no difference in the average scores of PWI according to general characteristics. The average scores of PWI concerning about life styles showed significant difference in diet habit, arcohol drinking, smoking habit, exercise, and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation of health habit and motility rate has already proved. This investigation has showed that there is a correlation between life styles and stress. So, we concluded that it is the best way to keep the good health habit by stress control for health promotion and disease prevention.

A Study on Dietary Patterns, Dietary Behaviors and Life Styles before and after Breast Cancer Surgery / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to compare dietary patterns, dietary behaviors and life styles before and after breast cancer surgery in Korea. The subjects were 220 females who underwent surgery for stage I-III breast cancer at general hospitals. Food intake, eating habits, snacks, eating-out, use of nutritional supplements and healthy foods, and drinking and smoking habits were studied using a questionnaire. SAS program was used for statistical analysis of the data. The results are as follows : 1) Most subjects were housewives aged more than 40 years. 2) After breast cancer surgery, intakes of fruits and vegetables were increased and those of meat, salty and spicy foods were decreased. 3) There was a significant difference in takes of caffeine beverages, snacks, fast foods and instant foods before and after breast cancer surgery. 4) There was a significant difference in meal regularity and skipping breakfast before and after breast cancer surgery. 5) The frequency of eating-out was decreased and low-fat foods, such as Japanese foods, were preferred after breast cancer surgery. 6) Nutritional supplements and natural healthy foods were used more after breast cancer surgery. 7) Most subjects were non-smokers and drank little alcohol and the rate of regular drinking significantly decreased after breast cancer surgery. Therefore, there was a significant difference in dietary patterns and behaviors resulting form breast cancer. Further more, dietary factors may be a contributing factor in the incidence at breast cancer in Korea.

A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of Uterine Cervix Cancer in Korea / 예방의학회지

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out to investigate the risk factors of uterine cervical cancer in korea. Information on a wide-range of life-styles, which might be related with uterine cervix cancer, has been routinely collected through a dual application of the self-administered questionnaire and the direct interview by a well-trained nurse at the Department of Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospitals since 1992. The number of cervical cancer cases, histologically confirmed at the hospital, were 284. Included were 939 women as controls, who were free of past history of any malignancies. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence limits were based on the unconditional logistic regression model. The multivariate logistic model was constructed under the consideration of biologic characteristics on the natural history of the malignancy. In the multivariate results, the uterine cervical cancer risk was higher in women of shorter height(P(trend) <0.05), less educated spouse (P(trend) < 0.001), multiple marriages(adjusted OR=2,70,95% C.I. 1.64~4.47), ever had a family history (adjusted OR=2.14., 95 % C.I. l.18~3.89), multiparity (P(trend) < 0.001), and early age at first delivery (P(trend) < 0.001). These results strongly suggest that the uterine cervix cancer might be related to the reproductive factors, and probably with sexual behaviour of both women and men in Korea.